Understanding how to count in Korean is essential for anyone learning the language. Saying numbers correctly is crucial for various situations, from shopping and telling time to understanding dates and phone numbers.
This article focuses specifically on how to say “80” in Korean, covering the two number systems used: Sino-Korean and Native Korean. We’ll explore the nuances of each system, provide numerous examples, and offer practice exercises to solidify your understanding.
This guide is perfect for beginners just starting their Korean journey and intermediate learners looking to refine their numerical skills.
Mastering Korean numbers can significantly enhance your communication abilities and cultural understanding. This article provides a structured approach to learning how to say “80,” ensuring you can confidently use it in various contexts.
Let’s dive in and unlock the secrets of Korean numerals!
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Definition: Saying “80” in Korean
- Structural Breakdown: Sino-Korean and Native Korean Systems
- Types and Categories: When to Use Each System
- Examples: Using “80” in Different Contexts
- Usage Rules: Important Considerations
- Common Mistakes: And How to Avoid Them
- Practice Exercises: Test Your Knowledge
- Advanced Topics: Beyond the Basics
- FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Definition: Saying “80” in Korean
In Korean, there are two primary number systems: the Sino-Korean system and the Native Korean system. Each system is used in different contexts, so it’s crucial to understand both. To say “80” in Korean, you’ll use different words depending on which system is appropriate.
The Sino-Korean system is derived from Chinese and is used for larger numbers, dates, money, phone numbers, and measurements. The Native Korean system is used for counting objects, age, and time (hours). For “80,” the Sino-Korean word is 팔십 (pal-sip), while there is no Native Korean equivalent for 80.
Therefore, when you need to say “80” in Korean, you will almost always use the Sino-Korean number, 팔십 (pal-sip). This is because the Native Korean system is generally used for numbers up to 99, and even then, it’s more common to use Sino-Korean numbers for quantities beyond a few items.
Structural Breakdown: Sino-Korean and Native Korean Systems
Sino-Korean System
The Sino-Korean number for 80, 팔십 (pal-sip), is constructed from two components: 팔 (pal), which means “eight,” and 십 (sip), which means “ten.” Therefore, 팔십 (pal-sip) literally translates to “eight ten,” which equals eighty.
The Sino-Korean system is based on multiples of ten, making it relatively straightforward once you understand the basic numbers. Here’s a breakdown:
- 팔 (pal): Eight
- 십 (sip): Ten
- 팔십 (pal-sip): Eighty (eight ten)
This system follows a consistent pattern. For example, 20 is 이십 (i-sip), which is “two ten,” and 30 is 삼십 (sam-sip), which is “three ten.” This pattern continues up to 90, which is 구십 (gu-sip), or “nine ten.”
Native Korean System
While there isn’t a direct Native Korean equivalent for “80,” understanding the Native Korean system is still important. This system is primarily used for counting objects, stating age, and telling time (specifically, the hour).
The Native Korean numbers are:
- 하나 (hana): One
- 둘 (dul): Two
- 셋 (set): Three
- 넷 (net): Four
- 다섯 (daseot): Five
- 여섯 (yeoseot): Six
- 일곱 (ilgop): Seven
- 여덟 (yeodeol): Eight
- 아홉 (ahop): Nine
- 열 (yeol): Ten
Although there’s no specific word for “80” in the Native Korean system, understanding how it works provides a foundation for counting smaller quantities. For example, if you were counting eight apples, you would say “사과 여덟 개 (sagwa yeodeol gae),” which means “eight apples.”
Types and Categories: When to Use Each System
Knowing when to use the Sino-Korean and Native Korean systems is crucial for accurate communication. Here’s a breakdown of the common situations where each system is used:
Sino-Korean System (팔십 – pal-sip)
- Money: When stating amounts of money.
- Dates: When referring to years, months, and days (although saying the day of the month often uses Native Korean numbers).
- Phone Numbers: When reciting phone numbers.
- Addresses: When giving house numbers or addresses.
- Measurements: When indicating quantities of length, weight, area, etc.
- Counting above 99: Sino-Korean is generally used for numbers greater than 99.
Native Korean System (No Direct Equivalent for 80)
- Age: When stating someone’s age (e.g., “스무 살 (seumu sal)” – twenty years old).
- Counting Objects: When counting a small number of items (e.g., “사과 세 개 (sagwa se gae)” – three apples).
- Time (Hours): When telling the hour (e.g., “세 시 (se si)” – three o’clock).
Since “80” is typically used in contexts requiring the Sino-Korean system, you’ll almost always use 팔십 (pal-sip). However, understanding the Native Korean system is important for overall fluency in Korean.
Examples: Using “80” in Different Contexts
Let’s explore some practical examples of how to use 팔십 (pal-sip) in various situations. The following tables provide different scenarios and their corresponding Korean phrases.
Table 1: Examples with Money
This table illustrates how to use 팔십 (pal-sip) when discussing amounts of money in Korean.
| English | Korean (Sino-Korean) | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| 80 won | 팔십 원 | Pal-sip won |
| 80 dollars | 팔십 달러 | Pal-sip dalleo |
| I have 80,000 won. | 저는 팔만 원이 있어요. | Jeo-neun pal-man wo-ni isseo-yo. |
| This costs 80 dollars. | 이것은 팔십 달러입니다. | I-geo-seun pal-sip dal-leo-im-ni-da. |
| Can I get 80 cents? | 팔십 센트 받을 수 있나요? | Pal-sip sen-teu ba-deul su in-na-yo? |
| The total is 80 euros. | 총 팔십 유로입니다. | Chong pal-sip yu-ro-im-ni-da. |
| I need 80 more won. | 팔십 원 더 필요해요. | Pal-sip won deo pil-yo-hae-yo. |
| He earned 80 pounds. | 그는 팔십 파운드를 벌었어요. | Geu-neun pal-sip pa-un-deu-reul beo-reo-sseo-yo. |
| We donated 80 rupees. | 우리는 팔십 루피를 기부했어요. | U-ri-neun pal-sip ru-pi-reul gi-bu-hae-sseo-yo. |
| They spent 80 yen. | 그들은 팔십 엔을 썼어요. | Geu-deu-reun pal-sip e-neul sseo-sseo-yo. |
| I saved 80 yuan. | 저는 팔십 위안을 저축했어요. | Jeo-neun pal-sip wi-a-neul jeo-chuk-hae-sseo-yo. |
| She paid 80 rubles. | 그녀는 팔십 루블을 지불했어요. | Geu-nyeo-neun pal-sip ru-beul-eul ji-bul-hae-sseo-yo. |
| The tax is 80 zlotys. | 세금은 팔십 즐로티입니다. | Se-geu-meun pal-sip jeu-llo-ti-im-ni-da. |
| It costs 80 crowns. | 그것은 팔십 크라운이 듭니다. | Geu-geo-seun pal-sip keu-ra-u-ni deum-ni-da. |
| He owes me 80 pesos. | 그는 나에게 팔십 페소를 빚졌어요. | Geu-neun na-e-ge pal-sip pe-so-reul bit-jyeo-sseo-yo. |
| The fine is 80 liras. | 벌금은 팔십 리라입니다. | Beol-geu-meun pal-sip ri-ra-im-ni-da. |
| We invested 80 dinars. | 우리는 팔십 디나르를 투자했어요. | U-ri-neun pal-sip di-na-reu-reul tu-ja-hae-sseo-yo. |
| They charged 80 forints. | 그들은 팔십 포린트를 청구했어요. | Geu-deu-reun pal-sip po-rin-teu-reul cheong-gu-hae-sseo-yo. |
| I withdrew 80 shekels. | 저는 팔십 셰켈을 인출했어요. | Jeo-neun pal-sip sye-kel-eul in-chul-hae-sseo-yo. |
| She borrowed 80 ringgits. | 그녀는 팔십 링깃을 빌렸어요. | Geu-nyeo-neun pal-sip ling-gi-seul bil-lyeo-sseo-yo. |
Table 2: Examples with Dates
This table shows how to use 팔십 (pal-sip) when referring to dates, specifically years, in Korean. Remember that expressing the day of the month often uses Native Korean numbers.
| English | Korean (Sino-Korean) | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| The year 1980 | 천구백팔십 년 | Cheon-gu-baek-pal-sip nyeon |
| It happened in 1980. | 그것은 천구백팔십 년에 일어났어요. | Geu-geo-seun cheon-gu-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne i-reo-na-sseo-yo. |
| The conference is in 2080. | 회의는 이천팔십 년에 있습니다. | Hwe-ui-neun i-cheon-pal-sip nyeo-ne its-seum-ni-da. |
| He was born in 1980. | 그는 천구백팔십 년에 태어났어요. | Geu-neun cheon-gu-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne tae-eo-na-sseo-yo. |
| The law was enacted in 1880. | 그 법은 천팔백팔십 년에 제정되었어요. | Geu beo-beun cheon-pal-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne je-jeong-doe-eo-sseo-yo. |
| The treaty was signed in 1780. | 그 조약은 천칠백팔십 년에 체결되었어요. | Geu jo-ya-geun cheon-chil-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne che-gyeol-doe-eo-sseo-yo. |
| The company was founded in 1680. | 그 회사는 천육백팔십 년에 설립되었어요. | Geu hwe-sa-neun cheon-yuk-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne seol-rip-doe-eo-sseo-yo. |
| The painting is from 1580. | 그 그림은 천오백팔십 년의 것입니다. | Geu geu-ri-meun cheon-o-baek-pal-sip nyeo-neui geo-si-im-ni-da. |
| The discovery was made in 1480. | 그 발견은 천사백팔십 년에 이루어졌어요. | Geu bal-gyeon-eun cheon-sa-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne i-ru-eo-jyeo-sseo-yo. |
| The manuscript dates back to 1380. | 그 원고는 천삼백팔십 년으로 거슬러 올라갑니다. | Geu won-go-neun cheon-sam-baek-pal-sip nyeo-neu-ro geo-seu-lleo ol-la-gam-ni-da. |
| The event will be held in 2180. | 그 행사는 이천백팔십 년에 개최될 것입니다. | Geu haeng-sa-neun i-cheon-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne gae-choe-doel geo-si-im-ni-da. |
| The project starts in 2280. | 그 프로젝트는 이천이백팔십 년에 시작됩니다. | Geu peu-ro-jek-teu-neun i-cheon-i-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne si-jak-doem-ni-da. |
| The technology will be available in 2380. | 그 기술은 이천삼백팔십 년에 이용 가능할 것입니다. | Geu gi-su-reun i-cheon-sam-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne i-yong ga-neung-hal geo-si-im-ni-da. |
| The prediction is for 2480. | 그 예측은 이천사백팔십 년을 위한 것입니다. | Geu ye-cheu-geun i-cheon-sa-baek-pal-sip nyeo-neul wi-han geo-si-im-ni-da. |
| The excavation took place in 1280. | 그 발굴은 천이백팔십 년에 이루어졌습니다. | Geu bal-gu-reun cheon-i-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne i-ru-eo-jyeo-sseum-ni-da. |
| The research was conducted in 1180. | 그 연구는 천백팔십 년에 수행되었습니다. | Geu yeon-gu-neun cheon-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne su-haeng-doe-eo-sseum-ni-da. |
| The battle occurred in 1080. | 그 전투는 천팔십 년에 발생했습니다. | Geu jeon-tu-neun cheon-pal-sip nyeo-ne bal-saeng-hae-sseum-ni-da. |
| The invention was created in 980. | 그 발명품은 구백팔십 년에 만들어졌습니다. | Geu bal-myeong-pu-meun gu-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne man-deu-reo-jyeo-sseum-ni-da. |
| The festival started in 880. | 그 축제는 팔백팔십 년에 시작되었습니다. | Geu chuk-je-neun pal-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne si-jak-doe-eo-sseum-ni-da. |
| The city was founded in 780. | 그 도시는 칠백팔십 년에 세워졌습니다. | Geu do-si-neun chil-baek-pal-sip nyeo-ne se-wo-jyeo-sseum-ni-da. |
Table 3: Examples with Phone Numbers
This table provides examples of how to use 팔십 (pal-sip) when reciting phone numbers in Korean.
| English | Korean (Sino-Korean) | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| My phone number is 010-1234-5680. | 제 전화번호는 공일공-일이삼사-오륙팔십입니다. | Je jeon-hwa-beon-ho-neun gong-il-gong-il-i-sam-sa-o-ryuk-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| Call me at 02-3456-7880. | 공이-삼사오륙-칠팔팔십으로 전화하세요. | Gong-i-sam-sa-o-ryuk-chil-pal-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-ha-se-yo. |
| Her number is 011-987-6580. | 그녀의 번호는 공일일-구팔칠-육오팔십입니다. | Geu-nyeo-ui beon-ho-neun gong-il-il-gu-pal-chil-yuk-o-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| His number is 070-111-2280. | 그의 번호는 공칠공-일일일-이이팔십입니다. | Geu-ui beon-ho-neun gong-chil-gong-il-il-il-i-i-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| The office number is 031-222-3380. | 사무실 번호는 공삼일-이이이-삼삼팔십입니다. | Sa-mu-sil beon-ho-neun gong-sam-il-i-i-i-sam-sam-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| The customer service number is 080-123-4580. | 고객 서비스 번호는 공팔공-일이삼-사오팔십입니다. | Go-gaek seo-bi-seu beon-ho-neun gong-pal-gong-il-i-sam-sa-o-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| The emergency number is 119-000-0080. | 비상 연락처는 일일구-공공공-공공팔십입니다. | Bi-sang yeon-lak-cheo-neun il-il-gu-gong-gong-gong-gong-gong-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| You can reach me at 010-4444-8080. | 공일공-사사사사-팔십팔십으로 연락할 수 있습니다. | Gong-il-gong-sa-sa-sa-sa-pal-sip-pal-si-beu-ro yeon-lak-hal su its-seum-ni-da. |
| Please call 010-555-6680. | 공일공-오오오-육육팔십으로 전화해주세요. | Gong-il-gong-o-o-o-yuk-yuk-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-hae-ju-se-yo. |
| The hotel number is 02-777-8880. | 호텔 번호는 공이-칠칠칠-팔팔팔십입니다. | Ho-tel beon-ho-neun gong-i-chil-chil-chil-pal-pal-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| For inquiries, call 032-111-2280. | 문의사항은 공삼이-일일일-이이팔십으로 전화하세요. | Mun-ui-sa-hang-eun gong-sam-i-il-il-il-i-i-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-ha-se-yo. |
| Our fax number is 031-999-0080. | 저희 팩스 번호는 공삼일-구구구-공공팔십입니다. | Jeo-hui paek-seu beon-ho-neun gong-sam-il-gu-gu-gu-gong-gong-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| Contact us at 010-1122-3380. | 공일공-일일이이-삼삼팔십으로 연락주세요. | Gong-il-gong-il-il-i-i-sam-sam-pal-si-beu-ro yeon-lak-ju-se-yo. |
| Dial 051-123-4580 for support. | 지원하려면 공오일-일이삼-사오팔십으로 전화하세요. | Ji-won-ha-ryeo-myeon gong-o-il-il-i-sam-sa-o-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-ha-se-yo. |
| The office line is 02-234-5680. | 사무실 전화는 공이-이삼사-오륙팔십입니다. | Sa-mu-sil jeon-hwa-neun gong-i-i-sam-sa-o-ryuk-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| For reservations, call 033-456-7880. | 예약하려면 공삼삼-사오륙-칠팔팔십으로 전화하세요. | Ye-yak-ha-ryeo-myeon gong-sam-sam-sa-o-ryuk-chil-pal-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-ha-se-yo. |
| Our hotline is 080-789-1280. | 저희 핫라인은 공팔공-칠팔구-일이팔십입니다. | Jeo-hui hat-la-i-neun gong-pal-gong-chil-pal-gu-il-i-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| You can text me at 010-987-6580. | 공일공-구팔칠-육오팔십으로 문자할 수 있습니다. | Gong-il-gong-gu-pal-chil-yuk-o-pal-si-beu-ro mun-ja-hal su its-seum-ni-da. |
| The school number is 031-555-6680. | 학교 번호는 공삼일-오오오-육육팔십입니다. | Hak-gyo beon-ho-neun gong-sam-il-o-o-o-yuk-yuk-pal-sip-im-ni-da. |
| For emergencies, dial 112-000-0080. | 응급 상황 시에는 일일이-공공공-공공팔십으로 전화하세요. | Eung-geup sang-hwang si-e-neun il-il-i-gong-gong-gong-gong-gong-pal-si-beu-ro jeon-hwa-ha-se-yo. |
Usage Rules: Important Considerations
When using 팔십 (pal-sip), remember these key rules:
- Context Matters: Always consider the context to determine whether the Sino-Korean or Native Korean system is appropriate. For “80,” it’s almost always Sino-Korean.
- Combining with Counters: When counting items, use the appropriate counter word after the number. However, since 팔십 (pal-sip) is a relatively large number, you’ll likely be using it in situations where specific counters aren’t necessary.
- Formal vs. Informal: The level of formality in your speech also affects word choice, but not necessarily the number system itself.
For instance, while you might use more polite verb endings in a formal setting, the number 팔십 (pal-sip) remains the same.
Common Mistakes: And How to Avoid Them
Here are some common mistakes learners make when using Korean numbers and how to avoid them:
- Confusing Sino-Korean and Native Korean: Using the wrong system for the context. Correct: 팔십 원 (pal-sip won) – 80 won. Incorrect: *여든 원 (yeodeun won) – This is incorrect because Native Korean numbers are not used for money.
- Incorrect Pronunciation: Mispronouncing 팔십 (pal-sip). Practice the correct pronunciation to avoid misunderstandings.
By being aware of these common pitfalls, you can improve your accuracy and fluency when using Korean numbers.
Practice Exercises: Test Your Knowledge
Test your understanding of how to say “80” in Korean with these practice exercises.
Exercise 1: Translation
Translate the following English phrases into Korean using 팔십 (pal-sip).
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. 80 dollars | 팔십 달러 (Pal-sip dal-leo) |
| 2. The year 1980 | 천구백팔십 년 (Cheon-gu-baek-pal-sip nyeon) |
| 3. My phone number ends in 80. | 제 전화번호는 팔십으로 끝납니다. (Je jeon-hwa-beon-ho-neun pal-si-beu-ro kkeut-nam-ni-da.) |
| 4. 80 kilometers | 팔십 킬로미터 (Pal-sip kil-lo-mi-teo) |
| 5. The price is 80 won. | 가격은 팔십 원입니다. (Ga-gyeok-eun pal-sip wo-nim-ni-da.) |
| 6. I need 80 pages. | 팔십 페이지가 필요해요. (Pal-sip pe-i-ji-ga pil-yo-hae-yo.) |
| 7. He bought 80 books. | 그는 팔십 권의 책을 샀어요. (Geu-neun pal-sip gwon-ui chae-geul sa-sseo-yo.) |
| 8. She has 80 employees. | 그녀는 팔십 명의 직원이 있어요. (Geu-nyeo-neun pal-sip myeong-ui ji-gwo-ni isseo-yo.) |
| 9. We have 80 seats. | 우리는 팔십 석의 좌석이 있어요. (U-ri-neun pal-sip seok-ui jwa-seo-gi isseo-yo.) |
| 10. They sold 80 tickets. | 그들은 팔십 장의 티켓을 팔았어요. (Geu-deu-reun pal-sip jang-ui ti-ke-seul pa-ra-sseo-yo.) |
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following sentences with the correct Korean phrase for “80.”
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. 저는 _________ 원이 필요해요. (I need ____ won.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 2. 그 영화는 천구백_________ 년에 나왔어요. (That movie came out in 19____.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 3. 전화번호 끝자리는 _________ 입니다. (The last two digits of the phone number are ____.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 4. 이 거리는 _________ 미터입니다. (This distance is ____ meters.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 5. 방 온도는 _________ 도입니다. (The room temperature is ____ degrees.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 6. 이 책은 _________ 페이지입니다. (This book is ____ pages.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 7. 그는 _________ 살입니다. (He is ____ years old.) (Note: While age uses Native Korean numbers, this exercise tests understanding. The correct answer in this context is to recognize that you wouldn’t use Sino-Korean for age directly.) | (This question is tricky; the correct answer is recognizing the inappropriateness of 팔십 here. You would typically not use 팔십 directly for age. A more appropriate answer would be “Use native Korean for age,” or “This question is misleading.”) |
| 8. 그녀는 _________ 킬로그램입니다. (She is ____ kilograms.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 9. 우리는 _________ 명의 학생이 있습니다. (We have ____ students.) | 팔십 (Pal-sip) |
| 10. 그들은 _________ 개의 사과를 샀습니다. (They bought ____ apples.) | (Again, tricky! While you COULD use 팔십, for counting small quantities Native Korean is more common. The best answer would be “Native Korean is more appropriate here, although 팔십 is technically correct”. To use Native Korean correctly, you’d need to rephrase the sentence because you can’t directly say “80 apples” with Native Korean. ) |
Advanced Topics: Beyond the Basics
For advanced learners, consider these additional points:
- Numbers in Idiomatic Expressions: Explore how numbers are used in Korean idioms.
- Complex Number Combinations: Learn how to express larger and more complex numbers accurately.
- Regional Variations: Be aware that some regional dialects may have slight variations in pronunciation.
Mastering these advanced topics will further enhance your understanding and fluency in Korean.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some frequently asked questions about saying “80” in Korean
:
Why are there two number systems in Korean?
Korean has two number systems due to historical linguistic influences. The Sino-Korean system originates from Chinese, while the Native Korean system is indigenous to the Korean peninsula.
Both systems have become integral to the Korean language, each serving distinct purposes.
When should I use Sino-Korean numbers?
Use Sino-Korean numbers for dates (years), money, phone numbers, addresses, measurements, and when counting above 99. They are also used in many technical and formal contexts.
Is it okay to always use Sino-Korean numbers?
While Sino-Korean numbers can be used in many situations, it’s not always appropriate. For example, stating someone’s age or counting a small number of objects typically requires Native Korean numbers.
Using the wrong system can sound unnatural or be confusing.
How do I remember which system to use?
Practice and exposure are key! Try to memorize the common situations where each system is used.
Flashcards, language learning apps, and real-life conversations can help reinforce your understanding.
Are there any exceptions to the rules?
Yes, there are always exceptions in language! For example, while hours are generally counted using Native Korean numbers, minutes and seconds use Sino-Korean numbers.
Pay attention to these nuances as you continue learning.
Conclusion
Saying “80” in Korean is primarily achieved through the Sino-Korean number 팔십 (pal-sip). Understanding the nuances between the Sino-Korean and Native Korean number systems is crucial for effective communication.
By mastering the rules, practicing with examples, and avoiding common mistakes, you can confidently use 팔십 (pal-sip) in various contexts. Keep practicing, and you’ll soon find counting in Korean becomes second nature!